Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Theory and Applications
Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) sound like a concept straight out of a spy thriller: imagine proving that you know a secret without actually revealing the secret itself. Although it may sound counterintuitive, this is a robust cryptographic method with applications ranging from secure authentication to enhancing blockchain technology. In this article, we'll explore the mathematical foundation of ZKPs and delve into some intriguing use-cases. What Are Zero-Knowledge Proofs? Zero-knowledge proofs allow one party, the prover, to prove to another party, the verifier, that they possess a specific piece of information without disclosing the information itself. In more technical terms, a ZKP must satisfy three properties: 1. **Completeness**: If the statement is true, an honest verifier will be convinced by an honest prover. 2. **Soundness**: If the statement is false, no dishonest prover can convince an honest verifier that it's true. 3. **Zero-Knowledge**: If the statement is true, no ...